x

state ownership

uploads/state ownership.jpg

state ownership 國有(制)。

國有(制)。 “state“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.〔常作 S-〕國，國家；〔通例作 S-〕(美國 ...“state-ownership“ 中文翻譯：   國有制“ownership of land by the state“ 中文翻譯：   土地國有制“representatives of state ownership“ 中文翻譯：   公方代表“socialist ownership by the state“ 中文翻譯：   社會主義國家所有制“system of state ownership“ 中文翻譯：   國家所有制“ownership“ 中文翻譯：   名詞物主身分，所有；所有權；所有制(individual ownership 個體所有制)。“diversified ownership mixed ownership“ 中文翻譯：   混合所有制“absentee ownership“ 中文翻譯：   缺席所有權; 未參予管理主權; 遙領制“absolute ownership“ 中文翻譯：   絕對所有權“actual ownership“ 中文翻譯：   事實上的所有權“assume ownership“ 中文翻譯：   行使所有權“bare ownership“ 中文翻譯：   不具名財產; 不具名的財產“beneficial ownership“ 中文翻譯：   實際所有權; 實益所有權; 實益擁有權“capital ownership“ 中文翻譯：   資本所有權“capitalist ownership“ 中文翻譯：   資本主義所有制“car ownership“ 中文翻譯：   汽車持有；汽車持有權; 汽車所有權“certificate of ownership“ 中文翻譯：   財產所有權證書; 船舶所有權證書; 所有權證明書; 所有權證實書; 所有權證書, 登記證明書“change of ownership“ 中文翻譯：   船舶變更所有權; 改變所有權人“claim of ownership“ 中文翻譯：   所有權要求; 擁有權申索“co ownership“ 中文翻譯：   共同業權“collective ownership“ 中文翻譯：   集體所有(制)。 “commodity ownership“ 中文翻譯：   商品所有制“common ownership“ 中文翻譯：   同一擁有權“communal ownership“ 中文翻譯：   公社所有制

state policy

On the one hand , state ownership , it does not mean the country to own , to dominate , to uses the national assets . it means that the government or the department responsible for the work are the representatives , all kinds of economic organizations realize the operational function of national assets 其一，國家所有制，不意味著國家直接占有、支配、使用全民財產，而是以政府及其主管部門(國資委)為代表，通過各種經濟組織一直到企業來實現全民財產的運作職能。

These problems mainly present as following : over - concentrated stock of state ownership obstructs the effects of independent director ( s ) ; the boundary between the board of supervisory directors and independent directors is ambiguous ; the number of independent directors is inadequate and their qualification as a whole is somewhat low ; the framework and design of the system of independent director itself needs to be improved 目前我國獨立董事制度尚存在較多問題。問題主要表現在國有股權過度集中不利于獨立董事發揮作用；監事會與獨立董事二者之間的界限模糊不清；獨立董事人員數量不足、整體素質偏低；獨立董事制度本身的制度安排和設計尚待完善。要完善我國獨立董事制度，必須做好以下工作。

Be opposite this of 1992 cloth “ labor law “ revise share 44 , new after revising “ labor law “ have the following characteristic : suited to build the real case that realizes formal diversity with the adjustment that develops structure of system of socialist market economy , economy , state ownership already , highlight again was aimed at increasingly complex and changeful working relationship ; the maintenance that highlighted labour union function , made clear workers congress system and collective contract system shift of power of these two main thought , aggrandizement labour union organizes construction , organize broad worker in labour union to provided legal basis and safeguard for utmost ground ; increased the protective strength to labour union cadre , aggrandizement specific safeguard , make labour union cadre ok more the function that fulfils his duty to fulfill labour union responsibly ; protected labour union to produce bridge and bond effect better , fulfilled labour union to share politics , economy , culture and the approach that the society lives , made clear the essential mechanism that labor of labour union mediate concerns ; those who made clear union funds capture range , aggrandizement of union funds capture strength , ensured labour union to organize the necessary material base that develops function of labour union of activity , implementation lawfully ; set legal liability , made clear the punishment to violating principal part , enhanced law to deter force 這次對1992布的《工會法》的修改共有四十四條，新修改后的《工會法》有以下特點：既適應了建立和發展社會主義市場經濟體制、經濟結構的調整、公有制實現形式多元化的實際情況，又突出針對了日益復雜多變的勞動關系；突出了工會的維護職能，明確了職工代表大會制度和集體合同制度這兩個主要維權手段，強化了工會組織建設，為最大限度地把廣大職工組織到工會中來提供了法律依據和保障；加大了對工會干部的保護力度，強化了具體保護措施，使工會干部可以更加盡職盡責地履行工會的職能；更好地保護了工會發揮橋梁和紐帶作用，落實了工會參與政治、經濟、文化和社會生活的途徑，明確了工會調處勞動關系的根本機制；明確了工會經費的收繳范圍，強化了工會經費的收繳力度，保障了工會組織依法開展活動、實現工會職能的必要物質基礎；規定了法律責任，明確了對違法主體的處罰，增強了法律威懾力。

( 2 ) the representatives of state ownership should exercise their rights within the framework of corporate governance mechanism , and focus on the index of firm performance when they evaluate their appointment . ( 3 ) when establishing a company , we should avoid forming a superficially diversified ownership structure . ( 4 ) through introducing the independent directors and representatives of the institution investors , who have the governance ability , to the board , we will be able to improve the performance of listed companies 在此基礎上，作者認為：不能人為地規定上市公司的股權集中度；國有股權的代表應在公司治理機制的框架內行使權利，在評價任免經理時應注重業績指標；在股份公司(尤其是國有控股公司)設立時，建議引入實質意義上的多元化股東，避免以行政手段促成表面上的多元化的股權結構；目前，通過引入獨立董事、引進有治理能力的機構投資者等手段，可以改進上市公司的治理。

The results indicate that the proportions of the independent directors , of institutional shares , of top executives shares and the share concentration ratio positively correlate with corporate performance , and the size of the board and the proportion of state ownership negatively correlate with corporate performance 研究結果發現：獨立董事比例、機構投資者持股比例、高管人員持股比例和股權集中度與公司績效存在正相關關系；董事會規模、國有股比例與公司績效負相關。

However , the west - originated theory of property law , to the specific , the law of things which holds private property base and individualism fails to offer a satisfactory theoretic solution to this problem . therefore , this thesis , by introducing views of the economics , makes an attempt to carry out a tentative analysis of state ownership 由于國家所有權的公共性，從而使得西方的財產法理論，特別是物權法理論對解答國家所有權問題所能提供的理論資源極為匱乏，文章嘗試性地引入了經濟學研究的部分觀點與成果，以求更好地說明國家所有權中的某些問題，希冀在研究方法上能有所探求。

4 ) to perfect the system of independent director in our country , following steps should be accomplished : gradually reducing the stock of state ownership , lowering the its degree of concentration ; rationally dividing the functions and the authorities of independent directors and the board of supervisory directors , improving the effect of supervision ; sele 逐步減持國有股，降低國有股權集中度；合理劃分獨立董事與監事會的職能、權限，提高監督效果；建立培育和選擇獨立董事的市場機制；制定和完善能使獨立董事發揮作用的法律環境和工作環境。

The theory of socialist public ownership by the founders of marxism expatiates the essential characteristics of socialist public ownership on one hand and on the other hand puts forward the classical mode of the basic form of socialist public ownership - social ownership ; traditional socialist economic theory copied the classical mode of the founders of marxism and established the basic form of traditional socialist public ownership - state ownership 摘要馬克思主義創始人的社會主義公有制理論，一方面闡明了社會主義公有制的本質特征，另一方面提出了社會主義公有制基本形式的經典模式社會所有制；傳統社會主義經濟理論教條式地照搬馬克思主義創始人的經典模式，確立了傳統社會主義公有制基本形式國家所有制。

State ownership , collective ownership and co - ownership are diverting from the “ pure “ property right ; contract , iura in re aliena , corporation , trusts , heritage rights are all property structures designed by individuals to accumulate more wealth . property right is a structure 而國家所有權、集體所有權、以及共有等實際上是對典型的個人所有權概念的異化;合同債權、他物權、股權、信托，繼承權等都是為了實現所有權而進行的權利結構安排。

Labor law is organized to basic level labour union made different provision respectively according to form of system of ownership of enterprise , institution , its regulation applies to state - owned company , cooperative more , less to be not the standard of state ownership enterprise 工會法對基層工會組織按照企業、事業單位所有制形式分別作出了不同規定，其規定多適用于國有企業、集體企業，對非公有制企業的規范比較少。

The economy of multiform blame state ownership such as individual , privately owned is the main component of socialist market economy , to bringing a society into play adequately it is the enthusiasm of each respect , important to accelerate productivity development to have action 個體、私營等各種形式的非公有制經濟是社會主義市場經濟的重要組成部分,對充分調動社會各方面的積極性、加快生產力發展具有重要作用。

On the basis of analyzing insurance ' s inbeing , developing demands and national utility , the paper concludes that state ownership should be withdrawn gradually ; this conclusion is consistent with the theoretical prediction 然后進一步對保險制度變遷的現實需求進行考察，從保險性質、保險發展要求和國家效用等角度研究了當前保險改革的具體方向，得出保險國有產權壟斷退出的結論，同理論預期取得應證。

The asset structure , operation competence and earning power have positive correlation coefficient with bank efficiency , while rate of expanse to asset and the state ownership have negative coefficient 結果表明，資產結構、經營能力、盈利能力與銀行效率正相關，資產費用率、所有權的國有性質與銀行效率負相關。國有銀行資產規模與效率負相關，股份制銀行資產規模與效率正相關。

The oecd ' s indicator of product - market regulation ( ie , the extent of state ownership , the red tape involved in setting up a business , and barriers to international trade and investment ) again puts india at the bottom of the class 從經濟合作與發展組織的產品市場規定指數看（例如，國有企業擁有程度，建立企業所需政府許可，國際貿易及投資的障礙等） ，印度排名也在最后面。

So far , according to the statistics made by oecd , china is now strong in investment , trade and financial sectors , while its state ownership , labor market , monetary policy are on the weak side , comparing with the oecd countries 依據經合組織統計報告，中國目前的經濟發展在投資、貿易和財政領域?據優勢，但其所有制資產比重、勞動力市場和貨幣政策仍與經合組織國家有差距。

We should deepen the reform of state - owned enterprises and further explore diversified forms for effectively realizing public ownership , especially state ownership . we should promote institutional , technological and managerial innovations in enterprises 要深化國有企業改革，進一步探索公有制特別是國有制的多種有效實現形式，大力推進企業的體制技術和管理創新。

The conclusions are reached that the root causes of state - owned commercial banks “ malfunction are attributed to two levels : marco - factor mainly lies in state ownership of bank ' s property rights , micro - factor in management and technology 因此，在文章的最后，給出了相應的對策。在宏觀上，國家應該加快國有商業銀行的股份制改造，努力塑造一個公平的外部競爭環境。

The oecd ' s indicator of product - market regulation ( ie , the extent of state ownership , the red tape involved in setting up a business , and barriers to international trade and investment ) again puts india at the bottom of the class 在經合組織產品市場管理（如，國有的范圍，設立公司的相關規定和國際貿易與投資壁壘）的指標中，印度再一次在成員國中排名墊底。

She claims the group , one of china ' s few publicly listed steel companies that is completely free of state ownership , failed to make full use of its access to modern financial markets as a hong kong - listed company 她聲稱，該集團是為數不多的完全不受國家控制的上市鋼鐵公司之一，但它沒能充分利用其作為一家香港上市公司，可以進入現代金融市場的渠道。